Phosphoric acid and mineral phosphates (E338 to E343)
No concern
These acidify, raise dough and bind water. Food-grade phosphate is produced from mined rock. Phosphate made from animal bone exists, but it is a separate additive (E542), and the source-dependent phosphate stabilisers E450 to E452 are covered on their own page.
E338 — Phosphoric acid
The sharp acid that gives cola its bite.
Why it raises no question. This is the free acid rather than a salt, which is why it, and not the others, is what sharpens cola.
Where you meet it. Cola, processed cheese, baking powder.
E339 — Sodium phosphates
Phosphate salts that regulate acidity and bind water.
Why it raises no question. Produced from mineral phosphate rock and a sodium salt.
Where you meet it. Processed cheese, powdered drinks, baked goods.
E340 — Potassium phosphates
The potassium versions of the same salts.
Why it raises no question. Mineral phosphate with potassium.
Where you meet it. Coffee whiteners, sports drinks, processed cheese.
E341 — Calcium phosphates
Phosphates that raise dough and add calcium.
Why it raises no question. Mined mineral phosphate with calcium.
Where you meet it. Baking powder, plant drinks, cereals, supplements.
E343 — Magnesium phosphates
Phosphates that also keep powders free-flowing.
Why it raises no question. Mineral throughout.
Where you meet it. Powdered mixes, supplements, processed cheese.
What to do in the shop
Nothing special to do for E338 itself. Read the rest of the list: a product is only as clear as its least clear ingredient.
Questions people ask
Is E338 halal?
E338 (Phosphoric acid) — No concern. This is the free acid rather than a salt, which is why it, and not the others, is what sharpens cola.
Is E339 halal?
E339 (Sodium phosphates) — No concern. Produced from mineral phosphate rock and a sodium salt.
Is E340 halal?
E340 (Potassium phosphates) — No concern. Mineral phosphate with potassium.
Is E341 halal?
E341 (Calcium phosphates) — No concern. Mined mineral phosphate with calcium.
Related additives
Check a product, not just a number
An additive's status describes the additive in general. What matters is the whole ingredient list on the packet in your hand.